stdlib.h File Reference

#include <stddef.h>

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Classes
struct	div_t
struct	ldiv_t
struct	lldiv_t

Macros
#define	EXIT_SUCCESS   0
#define	EXIT_FAILURE   1
#define	RAND_MAX   32767
#define	MB_CUR_MAX   ((size_t)1)

Functions
int	abs (int i)
long	labs (long i)
long long	llabs (long long i)
int	atoi (const char *s)
long	atol (const char *s)
div_t	div (int numer, int denom)
ldiv_t	ldiv (long numer, long denom)
lldiv_t	lldiv (long long numer, long long denom)
long long	atoll (const char *nptr)
long	strtol (const char *__restrict__ nptr, char **__restrict endptr, int base)
long long	strtoll (const char *__restrict__ nptr, char **__restrict endptr, int base)
unsigned long	strtoul (const char *__restrict__ nptr, char **__restrict endptr, int base)
unsigned long long	strtoull (const char *__restrict__ nptr, char **__restrict endptr, int base)
signed char	_strtosc (const char *__restrict__ nptr, char **__restrict endptr, int base)
unsigned char	_strtouc (const char *__restrict__ nptr, char **__restrict endptr, int base)
int	_strtoi (const char *__restrict__ nptr, char **__restrict endptr, int base)
unsigned int	_strtoui (const char *__restrict__ nptr, char **__restrict endptr, int base)
int	rand (void)
void	srand (unsigned seed)
void *	aligned_alloc (size_t alignment, size_t size)
void *	calloc (size_t nmemb, size_t size)
void	free (void *ptr)
void *	malloc (size_t size)
void *	realloc (void *ptr, size_t size)
_Noreturn void	abort (void)
int	atexit (void(*func)(void))
int	at_quick_exit (void(*func)(void))
_Noreturn void	exit (int status)
char *	getenv (const char *name)
_Noreturn void	quick_exit (int status)
int	system (const char *string)
void *	bsearch (const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size, int(*compar)(const void *, const void *))
void	qsort (void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size, int(*compar)(const void *, const void *))

Macro Definition Documentation

EXIT_FAILURE

#define EXIT_FAILURE   1

EXIT_SUCCESS

#define EXIT_SUCCESS   0

MB_CUR_MAX

#define MB_CUR_MAX   ((size_t)1)

RAND_MAX

#define RAND_MAX   32767

Function Documentation

_strtoi()

int _strtoi	(	const char *__restrict__	nptr,
		char **__restrict	endptr,
		int	base
	)

_strtosc()

signed char _strtosc	(	const char *__restrict__	nptr,
		char **__restrict	endptr,
		int	base
	)

_strtouc()

unsigned char _strtouc	(	const char *__restrict__	nptr,
		char **__restrict	endptr,
		int	base
	)

_strtoui()

unsigned int _strtoui	(	const char *__restrict__	nptr,
		char **__restrict	endptr,
		int	base
	)

abort()

_Noreturn void abort

(

void

)

abs()

int abs

(

int

i

)

aligned_alloc()

void* aligned_alloc	(	size_t	alignment,
		size_t	size
	)

Simple malloc/free implementation.

Note: if your program does not need to use the heap, then do not call any of these functions. The entire heap implementation is only allocated in your program if you actually call the allocation functions.

The heap segment is placed directly after BSS in your program. The heap can utilize any of the memory between the base heap address and the top of the software-defined stack.

Typical memory map, for a target that loads programs into RAM:

                                     ┌─────────────────────────────────┐
                                     │Reserved or otherwise unavailable│

0xFFFF┌────────────────────────────┐ ┌──│ memory. Ex: ROM or I/O │ │ │◀─┘ └─────────────────────────────────┘ │ │ ├────────────────────────────┤◀┐ │ │ │ │ ┌───────────────────────────────────────┐ │ Stack │ │ │ │Stack base. As stack usage grows, more│ │ │ │ └──│memory below this address is utilized. │ │ ▼ │ └───────────────────────────────────────┘ │ │ ├ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─│◀─┐ ┌────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ │Actual lower limit for stack depends on │ │ │ │ │how much stack space your code actually │ │ │ └──│needs. Generally it can't be determined│ │ │ │ ahead of time. │ │ │ └────────────────────────────────────────┘ ├ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─│◀┐ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ┌───────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ │Heap limit. You can set this from │ │ ▲ │ └──│within your program. │ │ Heap │ │ └───────────────────────────────────────┘ │ │ │ ├────────────────────────────┤◀┐ │ │ │ ┌───────────────────────────────────────┐ │ Your program is loaded │ │ │ Heap base pointer. It's location │ │ here. │ │ │depends on how big your program is and │ │ │ └──│how much memory it allocated in global │ ├────────────────────────────┤ │ and static variables. │ │ │ └───────────────────────────────────────┘ │ Reserved lower memory: │ │ zero-page, │ │ hardware stack, etc. │ │ │ │ │ 0x0000└────────────────────────────┘

at_quick_exit()

int at_quick_exit

(

void(*)(void)

func

)

atexit()

int atexit

(

void(*)(void)

func

)

atoi()

int atoi

(

const char *

s

)

atol()

long atol

(

const char *

s

)

atoll()

long long atoll

(

const char *

nptr

)

bsearch()

void* bsearch	(	const void *	key,
		const void *	base,
		size_t	nmemb,
		size_t	size,
		int(*)(const void *, const void *)	compar
	)

calloc()

void* calloc	(	size_t	nmemb,
		size_t	size
	)

div()

div_t div	(	int	numer,
		int	denom
	)

exit()

_Noreturn void exit

(

int

status

)

free()

void free

(

void *

ptr

)

getenv()

char* getenv

(

const char *

name

)

labs()

long labs

(

long

i

)

ldiv()

ldiv_t ldiv	(	long	numer,
		long	denom
	)

llabs()

long long llabs

(

long long

i

)

lldiv()

lldiv_t lldiv	(	long long	numer,
		long long	denom
	)

malloc()

void* malloc

(

size_t

size

)

qsort()

void qsort	(	void *	base,
		size_t	nmemb,
		size_t	size,
		int(*)(const void *, const void *)	compar
	)

quick_exit()

_Noreturn void quick_exit

(

int

status

)

rand()

int rand

(

void

)

realloc()

void* realloc	(	void *	ptr,
		size_t	size
	)

srand()

void srand

(

unsigned

seed

)

strtol()

long strtol	(	const char *__restrict__	nptr,
		char **__restrict	endptr,
		int	base
	)

strtoll()

long long strtoll	(	const char *__restrict__	nptr,
		char **__restrict	endptr,
		int	base
	)

strtoul()

unsigned long strtoul	(	const char *__restrict__	nptr,
		char **__restrict	endptr,
		int	base
	)

strtoull()

unsigned long long strtoull	(	const char *__restrict__	nptr,
		char **__restrict	endptr,
		int	base
	)

system()

int system

(

const char *

string

)